Angle of view is the expanse of a subject as seen through a camera. It is usually measured by the diagonal of the frame, however sometimes it is measured by the vertical and horizontal lines. A large angle of view is a shot with a wider lens, displaying lots of small objects within the frame. This is perfect for shooting landscapes and photo journalism etc when the focus is on more than one specific subject. A smaller angle of view fits less objects in the frame but reveals more details, making it perfect for portraits and close ups, including macro Photography.
Lenses: This diagram shows a range of different focal lengths and how they effect the angle of view.
Fish eye/Wide-angle: These kinds of lenses are great for getting in really close to your subject without cutting out the background. they are ideal of shooting skateboarding and other action sports when you can get in close with the camera. Such wide perspectives do however cause distortion towards the edges of the frame so may not be suitable for portraiture etc.
A standard focal length is around 50mm, this is because it is the closest representation of how the human eye see's. For this reason it is often used when trying to photograph an accurate representation of a scene. It can also be great for portraiture when you get a little closer in to your subject.
Telephoto lenses have a far zoom range, with telephoto's you can be extremely selective over what part of a scene you choose to focus in on. Telephoto's are great for wildlife photography etc when your subject is far away.
The ISO setting controls how sensitive the camera is to light. The lower the ISO the less sensitive the camera is to light, the higher the ISO the more sensitive the camera is. It is important to note that images become grainier and lose quality as ISO is increased, this is referred to as noise.
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